Publications & Research

@article{pmid32426671,

title = {Eagle Syndrome: A Rare Case of Atraumatic, Painful Cervical Neck Swelling},

author = {Cameron P Worden and Sanjeeb S Bhandari and Benjamin B Cable and Damon R Kuehl},

doi = {10.5811/cpcem.2020.3.46284},

issn = {2474-252X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-05-01},

journal = {Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med},

volume = {4},

number = {2},

pages = {197--200},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Painful neck swelling is a common emergency complaint but can present diagnostic challenges. Eagle syndrome is a rare clinical entity in which a pathologically elongated styloid process or ossified stylohyoid ligament produces a constellation of symptoms in the head and neck region.nnCASE REPORT: We present the case of a 50-year-old male with a spontaneous, atraumatic fracture of an elongated styloid process associated with hematoma formation and radiological findings of airway impingement.nnDISCUSSION: The classic triad for Eagle syndrome consists of unilateral cervicofacial pain, globus sensation, and dysphagia. Diagnosis of Eagle syndrome should be made based on a combination of physical examination and radiological findings. Treatment options vary based on severity of symptoms.nnCONCLUSION: Although more likely to be an indolent and progressive complaint, providers in the acute care setting should be familiar with Eagle syndrome due to the potential for a spontaneous fracture of an elongated styloid process to cause acute, painful neck swelling and life-threatening airway compromise.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid29958617,

title = {Supraglottoplasty surgery types 1-3: A practical classification system for laryngomalacia surgery},

author = {Michael Del Do and Sungjin A Song and Nicholas B Nesbitt and Mark C Spaw and Edward T Chang and Bryan J Liming and Benjamin B Cable and Macario Camacho},

doi = {10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.05.022},

issn = {1872-8464},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-08-01},

journal = {Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol},

volume = {111},

pages = {69--74},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to review the published literature on supraglottoplasty techniques for correcting laryngomalacia, and to subsequently provide a standardized classification system.nnMETHODS: Three authors independently and systematically searched Pubmed/MEDLINE and six additional databases for all studies that included descriptions of supraglottoplasty techniques for correcting laryngomalacia. Sub-sites operated on and specific technique descriptions were reviewed, cataloged and subsequently categorized. This data was then used to develop a new classification system.nnRESULTS: 231 articles were identified, downloaded and reviewed in full text. 53 articles with 1669 patients from the included articles described in detail the supraglottoplasty procedure. 84 articles with 5731 patients had to be excluded secondary to not providing detail about the supraglottoplasty procedure. The resultant data identifies the need for a more standardized reporting of the supraglottoplasty procedure in order to more accurately evaluate technique specific outcomes. Currently 77% of the patients in the literature cannot be assessed for outcomes as they did not describe the details for the procedures. Eight variations of supraglottoplasty and four variations of epiglottis surgery were described. Based on the literature, we consolidated the surgery into the following types: Type 1: Debulking of arytenoids, Type 2: Division of aryepiglottic folds, Type 3: Epiglottis surgery.nnCONCLUSION: This descriptive review identified 53 articles with 1669 patients from the included articles detailing multiple variations of supraglottoplasty techniques. The new classification supplements a previously established system describing laryngomalacia, and simplifies the supraglottoplasty into three descriptive and logical types of categories. Our classification system would give surgeons a universal language to describe the supraglottoplasty performed, which could improve reporting of techniques, and facilitate future communication and research.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid28617904,

title = {Airway Foreign Body in a Premature Neonate},

author = {Justin M Wei and Edward T Chang and Rebecca Arnold and Benjamin B Cable},

doi = {10.1001/jamaoto.2017.0517},

issn = {2168-619X},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-09-01},

journal = {JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg},

volume = {143},

number = {9},

pages = {954--955},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid27707424,

title = {Adenoidectomy can improve obstructive sleep apnoea in young children: systematic review and meta-analysis},

author = {L K Reckley and S A Song and E T Chang and B B Cable and V Certal and M Camacho},

doi = {10.1017/S0022215116008938},

issn = {1748-5460},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-11-01},

journal = {J Laryngol Otol},

volume = {130},

number = {11},

pages = {990--994},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To systematically search for studies reporting outcomes for adenoidectomy alone as a treatment for paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea and use the data to perform a meta-analysis.nnMETHODS: Nine databases, including PubMed and Medline, were systematically searched through to 1 April 2016. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement was followed.nnRESULTS: A total of 1032 articles were screened and 126 full texts were reviewed. Three paediatric studies (47 patients) reported outcomes. Overall, apnoea-hypopnoea index values decreased from 18.1 ± 16.8 to 3.1 ± 5.5 events per hour (28 patients). Random-effects modelling demonstrated a mean difference of -14.43 events per hour (I2 = 23 per cent (low inconsistency)). The apnoea-hypopnoea index standardised mean difference was -1.14 (large magnitude of effect). The largest reduction in apnoea-hypopnoea index was observed in children aged less than 12 months (reduction of 56.6-94.9 per cent). Lowest oxygen saturation values improved from 80.0 ± 9.5 to 85.5 ± 6.0 per cent (13 children).nnCONCLUSION: Adenoidectomy alone has improved obstructive sleep apnoea in children, especially in those aged less than 12 months; however, given the low number of studies, isolated adenoidectomy remains an area for additional research.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid27293885,

title = {Predictors of Nasal Obstruction: Quantification and Assessment Using Multiple Grading Scales},

author = {Macario Camacho and Soroush Zaghi and Victor Certal and Jose Abdullatif and Rahul Modi and Shankar Sridhara and Anthony M Tolisano and Edward T Chang and Benjamin B Cable and Robson Capasso},

doi = {10.1155/2016/6945297},

issn = {2090-1461},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Plast Surg Int},

volume = {2016},

pages = {6945297},

abstract = {Objective. To evaluate the association between nasal obstruction and (1) demographic factors, (2) medical history, (3) physical tests, and (4) nasal exam findings. Study Design.nnCASE SERIES: Methods. Chart review at a tertiary medical center. Results. Two hundred-forty consecutive patients (52.1 ± 17.5 years old, with a Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score of 32.0 ± 24.1) were included. Demographic factors and inferior turbinate sizes were not associated with NOSE score or Nasal Obstruction Visual Analog Scale (NO-VAS). A significant association was found between higher NOSE score on univariate analysis and positive history of nasal trauma (p = 0.0136), allergic rhinitis (p < 0.0001), use of nasal steroids (p = 0.0108), higher grade of external nasal deformity (p = 0.0149), higher internal nasal septal deviation grade (p = 0.0024), and narrow internal nasal valve angle (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis identified the following as independent predictors of high NOSE score: NO-VAS: ≥50 (Odds Ratio (OR) = 17.6 (95% CI 5.83-61.6), p < 0.0001), external nasal deformity: grades 2-4 (OR = 4.63 (95% CI 1.14-19.9), p = 0.0339), and allergic rhinitis: yes (OR = 5.5 (95% CI 1.77-18.7), p = 0.0041). Conclusion. Allergic rhinitis, NO-VAS score ≥ 50, and external nasal deformity (grades 2-4) were statistically significant independent predictors of high NOSE scores on multivariate analysis. Inferior turbinate size was not associated with NOSE scores or NO-VAS.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid26968078,

title = {Neurocognitive outcomes after pediatric adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis},

author = {Sungjin A Song and Anthony M Tolisano and Benjamin B Cable and Macario Camacho},

doi = {10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.02.011},

issn = {1872-8464},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-04-01},

journal = {Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol},

volume = {83},

pages = {205--210},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To provide an up-to-date systematic review and critical appraisal of prospectively performed studies evaluating neurocognitive function in children treated with adenotonsillectomy.nnDATA SOURCES: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library.nnREVIEW METHODS: Searches were performed from inception through September 2, 2015.nnRESULTS: Nineteen prospective studies (898 adenotonsillectomy patients) met criteria and reported neurocognitive outcomes. The average age of children was 6.6±2.3 years (range 2.5-14 years) and 51.1% were male. Pre- and post-operative data utilizing the Neuropsychological Developmental Assessment score demonstrated an increase from a means±standard deviations of 101.5±14.7 [95% CI 100.0, 103.0] to 108.8±13.4 [95% CI 107.4, 110.2], p-value <0.0001 (375 children, three studies). Pre- and post-operative data utilizing the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (IQ) demonstrated an increase in IQ scores from a means±standard deviations of 97.1±13.8 [95% CI 91.6, 95.4] to 100.7±11.1 [95% CI 100.4, 103.4], p-value <0.0001 (254 children, three studies). The mean pre- and post-adenotonsillectomy apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) decreased from 8.0 to 1.8 (274 children, six studies).nnCONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis found an improvement in neurocognitive function and IQ after pediatric adenotonsillectomy, especially in pre-school aged children. However, this must be interpreted with caution as only three studies were performed in pre-school aged children. The decreased effectiveness in older children suggests possibly a threshold age when neurocognitive deficits become irreversible.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid26691675,

title = {Supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia with obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis},

author = {Macario Camacho and Brandyn Dunn and Carlos Torre and Jodie Sasaki and Raymond Gonzales and Stanley Yung-Chuan Liu and Dylan K Chan and Victor Certal and Benjamin B Cable},

doi = {10.1002/lary.25827},

issn = {1531-4995},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-05-01},

journal = {Laryngoscope},

volume = {126},

number = {5},

pages = {1246--1255},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To determine if apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and lowest oxygen saturation (LSAT) improve following isolated supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children.nnSTUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis.nnMETHODS: Nine databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, were searched through September 30, 2015.nnRESULTS: A total of 517 studies were screened; 57 were reviewed; and 13 met criteria. One hundred thirty-eight patients were included (age range: 1 month-12.6 years). Sixty-four patients had sleep exclusive laryngomalacia, and in these patients: 1) AHI decreased from a mean (M) ± standard deviation (SD) of 14.0 ± 16.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.0, 18.0) to 3.3 ± 4.0 (95% CI 2.4, 4.4) events/hour (relative reduction: 76.4% [95% CI 53.6, 106.4]); 2) LSAT improved from a M ± SD of 84.8 ± 8.4% (95% CI 82.8, 86.8) to 87.6 ± 4.4% (95% CI 86.6, 88.8); 3) standardized mean differences (SMD) demonstrated a small effect for LSAT and a large effect for AHI; and 4) cure (AHI < 1 event/hour) was 10.5% (19 patients with individual data). Seventy-four patients had congenital laryngomalacia, and in these patients: 1) AHI decreased from a M ± SD of 20.4 ± 23.9 (95% CI 12.8, 28.0) to 4.0 ± 4.5 (95% CI 2.6, 5.4) events/hour (relative reduction: 80.4% [95% CI 46.6, 107.4]); 2) LSAT improved from a M ± SD of 74.5 ± 11.9% (95% CI 70.9, 78.1) to 88.4 ± 6.6% (95% CI 86.4, 90.4); 3) SMD demonstrated a large effect for both AHI and LSAT; and 4) cure was 26.5% (38 patients with individual data).nnCONCLUSION: Supraglottoplasty has improved AHI and LSAT in children with OSA and either sleep exclusive laryngomalacia or congenital laryngomalacia; however, the majority of them are not cured. Laryngoscope, 126:1246-1255, 2016.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid26556466,

title = {Author Self-Citation in the Otolaryngology Literature: A Pilot Study},

author = {Anthony M Tolisano and Sungjin A Song and Benjamin B Cable},

doi = {10.1177/0194599815616111},

issn = {1097-6817},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-02-01},

journal = {Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg},

volume = {154},

number = {2},

pages = {282--286},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of author self-citation in the field of otolaryngology.nnSTUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective review of bibliographic references in 5 otolaryngology journals.nnSUBJECTS AND METHODS: Five high-impact otolaryngology journals were reviewed over a 3-month period between January and March 2014 to identify the pattern of author self-citations. Data included study type, otolaryngology topic, authorship, total citations, author self-citations, and country of origin.nnRESULTS: Nearly two-thirds of articles contained at least 1 self-citation, with an average of 2.6 self-citations per article. Self-citations represented nearly 10% of total citations. Articles with at least 1 self-citation had more authors (5.8 vs 4.9, P < .01) and more citations (30.4 vs 22.2, P < .01) per article than did those without self-citations. There was no difference in self-citation practices between articles originating within the United States and abroad (P = .65). Last authors were the most frequent self-citers and were more likely than lead authors to cite themselves (P < .01). Original reports contained the highest percentage of self-citations per article as compared with reviews and case reports (P < .01).nnCONCLUSION: Author self-citation in the otolaryngology literature is common and compares similarly to other medical specialties previously studied. Self-citation should not be considered inappropriate, as it is often done to expand on earlier research. Nevertheless, editors, researchers, and readers should be aware of this increasingly recognized phenomenon and its associated potential implications to the process of scientific inquiry.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid26256664,

title = {Rhinology and medical malpractice: An update of the medicolegal landscape of the last ten years},

author = {Anthony M Tolisano and Grant A Justin and Douglas S Ruhl and Benjamin B Cable},

doi = {10.1002/lary.25533},

issn = {1531-4995},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Laryngoscope},

volume = {126},

number = {1},

pages = {14--19},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Malpractice claims pertaining to rhinological procedures are a potentially important source of information that could be used to minimize the risk of future litigation and improve patient care.nnSTUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of a publicly available database containing jury verdicts and settlements.nnMETHODS: The LexisNexis Jury Verdicts and Settlements database was reviewed for all lawsuits and out-of-court adjudications related to the practice of rhinology. Data including patient demographics, type of surgery performed, plaintiff allegation, nature of injury, outcomes, and indemnities were collected and analyzed.nnRESULTS: Of 85 cases meeting inclusion criteria, 42 were decided by a jury and 43 were adjudicated out of court. Endoscopic sinus surgery was the most commonly litigated surgery. The plaintiff was favored when the eye was injured (P = 0.0196), but the defendant was favored when neuropsychological injuries (P = 0.0137) or recurrent/worsened symptoms (P = 0.0050) were cited. No difference was found when death or skull base injuries occurred. When lack of informed consent was an allegation, the defendant was favored (P = 0.0001). A payout was made in two-thirds of cases overall, but the defendant was favored in two-thirds of cases decided by a jury. Payments were significant for both out-of-court settlements ($1.3 million) and jury verdicts ($2 million).nnCONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic sinus surgery remains the most commonly litigated rhinology procedure and has the potential to result in large payouts. Meticulous dissection, recognition of complications, and documentation of informed consent remain paramount for providing optimal patient care.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid24894421,

title = {Medication associated with hearing loss: 25 years of medical malpractice cases in the United States},

author = {Douglas S Ruhl and Benjamin B Cable and David W Martell},

doi = {10.1177/0194599814536850},

issn = {1097-6817},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-09-01},

journal = {Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg},

volume = {151},

number = {3},

pages = {431--437},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Many medications have the potential for ototoxicity. To potentiate management of this risk, this study examines malpractice litigation trends of lawsuits involving hearing loss associated with medication use. As experts in hearing loss, it may benefit otolaryngologists to be familiar with this information.nnSTUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review.nnSETTING: All US civil trials.nnSUBJECTS AND METHODS: Court records of legal trials from 1987 to 2012 were obtained from 2 major computerized databases. Data were compiled on the demographics of the defendant and plaintiff, use of otolaryngologists as expert witnesses, medication used, legal allegations, verdicts, and judgments.nnRESULTS: Forty-six unique cases met inclusion criteria and were selected for review. Antibiotics (72%), specifically aminoglycosides (47%), were the most common medications cited as causing hearing loss. Eleven (22%) cases were resolved through a settlement before a verdict was reached. Verdicts in favor of the plaintiffs (37%) were awarded an average of $1,134,242. Pediatric patients were more likely to have outcomes in their favor (P = .03) compared to adults. Of the cases found in favor of the plaintiff, the most common reasons cited were inappropriate medication, dose, or duration (59%); failure to properly monitor (39%); and failure to choose a less toxic medication (18%).nnCONCLUSIONS: Physicians must be aware of the potential effects of the medications they prescribe. An understanding of potential drug interactions, proper monitoring, and appropriate substitution with less toxic medications are important to improve patient care. Analyzing litigation trends may be used to prevent future lawsuits and improve physician awareness.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid24633947,

title = {Emergent treatment of button batteries in the esophagus: evolution of management and need for close second-look esophagoscopy},

author = {Douglas S Ruhl and Benjamin B Cable and Katherine K S Rieth},

doi = {10.1177/0003489414522969},

issn = {0003-4894},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-03-01},

journal = {Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol},

volume = {123},

number = {3},

pages = {206--213},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The evolving epidemiology of pediatric button battery ingestion is alarming. Currently, assessment of the degree of damage relies heavily on the initial esophagoscopy in a manner similar to the management of caustic ingestion. We have noted that use of this classic approach may delay the return to normal oral intake. Using several cases treated at our institution, we illustrate the value of "close second-look esophagoscopy" (CSLE) in expediting a return to normal oral intake after button battery ingestion.nnMETHODS: We present a retrospective case series.nnRESULTS: Five patients (11 to 18 months of age) with button batteries trapped in the cervical esophagus were recently managed at our institution. The batteries were lodged in the esophagus for durations ranging from 6 hours to 4 months. Three cases of initial grade III circumferential necrotic injury were downgraded to grade IIa after a CSLE performed 2 to 4 days after removal, and their management was appropriately changed.nnCONCLUSIONS: The injury and healing of cases of button batteries in the proximal esophagus appear to be variable; caustic injury, electrical mucosal damage, and direct pressure are thought to be several contributory factors. Performing a CSLE within 2 to 4 days after battery removal may provide more useful prognostic information. In certain cases, downgrading of the injury may facilitate an earlier return to an oral diet, use of fewer diagnostic tests, and a shorter hospital stay. The utility and timing of imaging, management of diet and medications, and acceptable follow-up plans are discussed within the context of guiding future research.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid21572080,

title = {RNA interference of transforming growth factor-β 2 in human respiratory fibroblasts},

author = {Eric D Wirtz and Gregory Fredericks and Jon Robitschek and Benjamin B Cable},

doi = {10.1177/0194599811409534},

issn = {1097-6817},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-09-01},

journal = {Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg},

volume = {145},

number = {3},

pages = {476--481},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) is a principal cytokine of interest in the pathogenesis of scar formation and is a potential target for future molecular-based adjunctive therapies. The authors hypothesize that interfering RNA (RNAi) can be used to modulate TGF-β2 production in cultured human respiratory fibroblasts.nnSTUDY DESIGN: Basic science. Setting. Laboratory.nnSUBJECTS AND METHODS: RNAi constructs targeted to the TGF-β2 transcript were complexed with microsomal lipids and applied to human fibroblasts in cell culture. Transfection efficiency and cell viability were measured by fluorescence microscopy. Messenger RNA (mRNA) for TGF-β2 was measured 48 hours posttransfection using real-time quantitative PCR. The quantity of TGF-β2 protein produced with increasing concentrations of RNAi was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The function of RNAi-treated fibroblasts was tested using a wound-healing assay.nnRESULTS: Transfection efficiency of more than 80% was achieved with minimal induced cell death. Treated cells showed selective knockdown of 80% of TGF-β2 mRNA, which was confirmed with negative controls. As the concentration of RNAi was increased, an incremental decrease in TGF-β2 protein was measured.nnCONCLUSION: RNAi technology is an effective means of localized and transient gene silencing in cultured human fibroblasts. Transfection can be achieved using microsome complexed RNAi with minimal induced cell death. This preliminary result shows promise for future in vitro studies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid21044740,

title = {Head and neck ultrasound in the pediatric population},

author = {Veronica J Rooks and Benjamin B Cable},

doi = {10.1016/j.otc.2010.08.010},

issn = {1557-8259},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-12-01},

journal = {Otolaryngol Clin North Am},

volume = {43},

number = {6},

pages = {1255--66, vi--vii},

abstract = {Ultrasound, as a diagnostic modality, has been developing rapidly. High-resolution ultrasound machines have been reduced to the size of a laptop computer. Ultrasound can be adopted by otolaryngologists for use within the clinic and the operating room. Ultrasound offers several advantages to the pediatric patient population. It is well tolerated and adds a degree of precision to the physical examination. It can be done repeatedly as lesions evolve and treatment is performed. It is valuable for guidance and therapeutic treatment of lesions in the operating room. It is likely that ultrasound use will continue to rapidly grow and evolve as a tool within the field of otolaryngology.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid19289716,

title = {Pathology quiz case 1. Salivary gland anlage tumor (SGAT)},

author = {Marc W Herr and Stephen B Williams and Benjamin B Cable},

doi = {10.1001/archoto.2008.547-a},

issn = {1538-361X},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-03-01},

journal = {Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg},

volume = {135},

number = {3},

pages = {320, 322},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid18246873,

title = {Characterization of transforming growth factors beta1 and 2 in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)},

author = {Andrew J Senchak and Aileen K Sato and Raymond Vazquez and Christopher E Keller and Benjamin B Cable},

issn = {1532-0820},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-12-01},

journal = {Comp Med},

volume = {57},

number = {6},

pages = {594--596},

abstract = {Unwanted scar tissue after surgical procedures remains a central problem in medicine. Nowhere is this problem more evident than within the pediatric airway, where excess scarring, termed subglottic stenosis, can compromise breathing. Recent advances in molecular biology have focused on ways to decrease scar formation through understanding of the wound repair process. Transforming growth factor beta (TFGbeta) plays a central role in this pathway. Ferrets serve as an ideal model for the pediatric airway, and reproduction of subglottic stenosis in ferrets is possible. However, ferret cytokine profiles have not been established. In this study, we characterized the presence and nucleotide sequence of the TGFbeta1 and 2 genes in ferrets by using total RNA isolated from airways. Amino acid sequence homology between human and ferret was determined to be 96.6% for TGFbeta1 and 99.3% for TGFbeta2. Given the nearly total homology between TGFbetas of ferret and human origin, the ferret may serve as an ideal model for future molecular studies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid18036425,

title = {Acute rise in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in a coastal community},

author = {Nici Eddy Bothwell and Joseph Shvidler and Benjamin B Cable},

doi = {10.1016/j.otohns.2007.09.013},

issn = {0194-5998},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-12-01},

journal = {Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg},

volume = {137},

number = {6},

pages = {942--946},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Describe the incidence of head and neck community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections over a 5-year period at a coastal tertiary medical center.nnSTUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review.nnSUBJECTS AND METHODS: All patients presenting to the otolaryngology service with cultures taken from head and neck infections between 1999 and 2004 were eligible for inclusion. Statistical analysis was used to determine significance of the changing incidence of isolated organisms over the study period.nnRESULTS: CA-MRSA infections rose from 21% to 64% over the 5-year period. The increasing trend in CA-MRSA infections reached statistical significance from 2003 to 2004. All CA-MRSA isolates were resistant to cefazolin and penicillin, but most were sensitive to clindamycin.nnCONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrates a striking increase in the incidence of CA-MRSA. We have tailored our treatment of cutaneous head and neck infections to include empiric treatment for CA-MRSA using clindamycin. Awareness and monitoring of this trend will be important for all practitioners involved in the care of these patients.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid17321886,

title = {Hairy polyp in the oropharynx of a 5-week-old infant with sudden-onset respiratory distress},

author = {Joseph Shvidler and Benjamin B Cable and Mark Sheridan},

doi = {10.1016/j.otohns.2006.10.019},

issn = {0194-5998},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-03-01},

journal = {Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg},

volume = {136},

number = {3},

pages = {491--492},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid17044535,

title = {Pediatric functional endoscopic sinus surgery: frequently asked questions},

author = {Benjamin B Cable and Eric A Mair},

doi = {10.1177/000348940611500901},

issn = {0003-4894},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-09-01},

journal = {Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol},

volume = {115},

number = {9},

pages = {643--657},

abstract = {Pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery is a controversial procedure that has evolved considerably over the past 2 decades. We present a current review of the literature regarding the treatment of children with refractory sinusitis with a focus on the use of endoscopic sinus surgery. Preoperative evaluation, surgical technique, postoperative care, and unusual applications are discussed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid15510034,

title = {Xylitol enhances bacterial killing in the rabbit maxillary sinus},

author = {Christopher L Brown and Scott M Graham and Benjamin B Cable and Egon A Ozer and Peter J Taft and Joseph Zabner},

doi = {10.1097/01.mlg.0000147939.90249.47},

issn = {0023-852X},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-11-01},

journal = {Laryngoscope},

volume = {114},

number = {11},

pages = {2021--2024},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Factors that alter airway surface liquid (ASL) ionic concentrations may influence the course of sinusitis. Xylitol has been shown to effect ASL ionic composition in vitro and to reduce nasal bacterial carriage, otitis media, and dental caries in vivo. We examined the effect of xylitol on experimental sinusitis in the rabbit model.nnSTUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled study of xylitol, saline, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa administration to the rabbit maxillary sinus.nnMETHODS: P. aeruginosa was administered to the sinuses of 26 New Zealand white rabbits. Saline was placed in the left maxillary sinus and xylitol in the right. The rabbits were randomly assigned to one of three groups: one, simultaneous administration of bacteria and solutions with bacterial analysis at 20 minutes, 11 rabbits; two, preadministration of solutions 1 hour before bacterial infection with analysis at 20 minutes, 11 rabbits; three, established sinusitis, 4 rabbits had daily injections of solutions for 5 days starting 7 days after P. aeruginosa administration.nnRESULTS: In group 1, 6.96% of injected bacteria were retrieved on the left (saline), whereas 0.095% were retrieved on the right (xylitol) (P = .034). In group 2, 5.64% of inoculum was recovered from the left and 2.89% from the right (P = .188). Group 3 demonstrated evidence of sinusitis with recovery of noninoculate bacteria. with no difference between right and left.nnCONCLUSIONS: Xylitol reduces experimental sinusitis when administered simultaneously with bacteria. Its effect in established sinusitis is less clear. A role may exist for xylitol in nasal irrigation fluid in human disease.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid15112971,

title = {Pediatric airway reconstruction: principles, decision-making, and outcomes at the University of Iowa hospitals and clinics},

author = {Benjamin B Cable and Jose M Manaligod and Nancy M Bauman and Richard J H Smith},

doi = {10.1177/000348940411300406},

issn = {0003-4894},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-04-01},

journal = {Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol},

volume = {113},

number = {4},

pages = {289--293},

abstract = {Pediatric airway stenosis challenges the treating surgeon, from the initial evaluation and decision-making process to the final postoperative care and follow-up setting. As our approach to these cases evolves, we must critically evaluate our outcomes in reference to our stated goals. We describe our process in treating this population and critically examine our outcome data from 1990 to the present. Emphasis is placed on selection of procedure and postoperative management.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid14994765,

title = {Image-guided surgical drainage of medial parapharyngeal abscesses in children: a novel adjuvant to a difficult approach},

author = {Benjamin B Cable and Pryor Brenner and Nancy M Bauman and Eric A Mair},

doi = {10.1177/000348940411300206},

issn = {0003-4894},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-02-01},

journal = {Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol},

volume = {113},

number = {2},

pages = {115--120},

abstract = {Surgical drainage of localized infections in deep neck spaces in children is often completed without a high degree of technical difficulty. However, abscess drainage within the superior parapharyngeal space medial to the great vessels is particularly challenging for otolaryngologists. Drawbacks to both the intraoral and external approaches to this area have led us to develop a new adjunctive technique that utilizes intraoperative image-guided technology to augment the intraoral approach. Here we present a case series of 12 children in whom this technique was successfully used.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid14758205,

title = {Pharyngeal flap surgery: long-term outcomes at the University of Iowa},

author = {Benjamin B Cable and John W Canady and Michael P Karnell and Lucy Hynds Karnell and Deonne N Malick},

doi = {10.1097/01.PRS.0000100806.45065.35},

issn = {0032-1052},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-02-01},

journal = {Plast Reconstr Surg},

volume = {113},

number = {2},

pages = {475--478},

abstract = {The pharyngeal flap is the most often used surgical approach to treat the problem of velopharyngeal insufficiency, a common challenge encountered in cleft palate and craniofacial clinics. The authors retrospectively reviewed short-term and long-term measures of children treated with the pharyngeal flap at the University of Iowa Cleft and Craniofacial Center. All patients who underwent pharyngeal flap surgery between January of 1970 and December of 2000, with at least one postoperative speech assessment between 2 and 5 years after the operation, were identified. Both hypernasality and hyponasality were evaluated on a scale from 1 to 6, with 1 indicating no involvement and 6 indicating severe effect on resonance. Velopharyngeal competence was also rated on a scale of 1 to 3, with 1 indicating competence and 3 indicating incompetence. These short-term data were then compared. The results showed that overall resonance performance continues to be adequate and may even improve as the patient continues to grow and mature. These findings support the use of the pharyngeal flap in the treatment of children with velopharyngeal insufficiency.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid14703113,

title = {Tracheal spindle cell tumor in a child},

author = {Eric P Paulson and Benjamin B Cable and Jose M Manaligod and Kemp H Kernstine},

doi = {10.1177/000348940311201214},

issn = {0003-4894},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-12-01},

journal = {Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol},

volume = {112},

number = {12},

pages = {1069--1072},

abstract = {Tracheal tumors in the pediatric population are rare neoplasms that have devastating consequences if not evaluated and diagnosed in a timely fashion. As illustrated by this case, the tumors typically do not become symptomatic until marked airway obstruction occurs, and patients may present with acute respiratory distress. Radiologic advances, including 3-D CT tracheal reconstruction, are invaluable in the diagnosis of and surgical planning for tracheal neoplasms.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid14643477,

title = {GJB2 gene mutations causing familial hereditary deafness in Turkey},

author = {Yildirim A Bayazit and Benjamin B Cable and Osman Cataloluk and Cengiz Kara and Parker Chamberlin and Richard J H Smith and Muzaffer Kanlikama and Enver Ozer and Ecir Ali Cakmak and Semih Mumbuc and Ahmet Arslan},

doi = {10.1016/j.ijporl.2003.08.003},

issn = {0165-5876},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-12-01},

journal = {Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol},

volume = {67},

number = {12},

pages = {1331--1335},

abstract = {Mutations in Connexin 26 (Cx26) play an important role in autosomal non-syndromic hereditary hearing loss. In this study, our objective was to find out the significance of Cx26 mutations in Turkish families who had hereditary deafness. Fourteen families who had at least two prelingually deaf children per family were included in the study. One affected child from each of the 14 families was selected for single-stranded conformational polymorphism SSCP analysis. Three PCR reactions were used for each subject to amplify the entire Cx26 coding region with overlap. PCR products were sequenced on an Applied Biosystems (ABI) model 3700 automated sequencer. Six of the 14 representative family members (42.9%) demonstrated shifts on SSCP and were subsequently sequenced for Exons 1 and 2 of GJB2 and were tested for the 432 kb upstream deletion. No mutations were found in Exon 1 and no 432 kb deletions were noted. Three different GJB2 mutations were found in Exon 2 of the probands, which were 35delG, 299-300delAT, and 487G > A (M163V). GJB2 mutations were detected in 21.4% of the families. Two patients were homozygous for 35delG and 299-300delAT mutations, and were given a diagnosis of DFNB1 deafness (14.3%). Two different polymorphisms, 457G > A (V153I) and 380G > AG (R127H) were also found. In conclusion, although GJB2 mutations were detected in 21.4% of the families tested, only 14.3% of subject representatives were homozygous and therefore deafness caused by Cx26 mutation segregated with DFNB1. Thus, contribution of GJB2 mutations appears less significant in familial deafness. This necessitates further assessment for the other known gene regions as well as a search for new genetic factors in familial type of genetic deafness.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid14574284,

title = {Pharyngeal flap surgery: protocols, complications, and outcomes at the University of Iowa},

author = {John W Canady and Benjamin B Cable and Michael P Karnell and Lucy Hynds Karnell},

doi = {10.1016/S0194-59980300709-5},

issn = {0194-5998},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-10-01},

journal = {Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg},

volume = {129},

number = {4},

pages = {321--326},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess complication rates and speech outcomes in patients undergoing pharyngeal flap surgery. Study design and setting We conducted a retrospective chart and database review at a tertiary craniofacial center.nnPATIENTS: Eighty-seven patients were identified as having pharyngeal flaps between January 1990 and December 2000.nnRESULTS: Complications were rare, with an overall rate of 3.4% for all children. Craniofacial database records were identified with a follow-up examination between 2 and 5 years. Forty-four patients were identified. Of this group, 81.8% demonstrated no evidence of hypernasality or mild hypernasality, and 84.1% demonstrated no evidence of hyponasality or only mild hyponasality. Preoperative and postoperative assessments showed a statistically significant difference in hypernasality at P < 0.001 with no significant difference in hyponasality.nnCONCLUSIONS: Although sphincter pharyngoplasty procedures have gained a great deal of attention in the recent otolaryngologic literature, pharyngeal-flap procedures remain a valuable tool in the hands of surgeons dealing with velopharyngeal incompetence.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid12612262,

title = {Chronic ingestion of a zinc-based penny},

author = {Dawn N Bothwell and Eric A Mair and Benjamin B Cable},

doi = {10.1542/peds.111.3.689},

issn = {1098-4275},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-03-01},

journal = {Pediatrics},

volume = {111},

number = {3},

pages = {689--691},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid12610907,

title = {Avoiding perils and pitfalls in velocardiofacial syndrome: an otolaryngologist's perspective},

author = {Benjamin B Cable and Eric A Mair},

issn = {0145-5613},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Ear Nose Throat J},

volume = {82},

number = {1},

pages = {56--60},

abstract = {Velocardiofacial syndrome is classically characterized by clefting of the secondary palate, cardiac defects, learning disabilities, and facial dysmorphism. Knowledge of this syndrome is of significant importance to otolaryngologists because a failure to recognize it prior to head and neck surgery can result in serious iatrogenic injury, including velopalatal insufficiency and damage to anomalous carotid arteries. To illustrate these issues, we describe the case of a 5-year-old boy with velocardiofacial syndrome. We also review the literature on velocardiofacial syndrome, which is not very extensive, perhaps because it is often difficult to recognize.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid12605515,

title = {The endoscopically assisted pharyngeal flap},

author = {Benjamin B Cable and John W Canady},

doi = {10.1597/1545-1569_2003_040_0114_teapf_2.0.co_2},

issn = {1055-6656},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-03-01},

journal = {Cleft Palate Craniofac J},

volume = {40},

number = {2},

pages = {114--115},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe a modification of the Hogan lateral port control technique for pharyngeal-flap surgery.nnRESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Use of a 70-degree nasal endoscope to assist in the determination of lateral port diameter allows for better control of flap and port construction.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid11801958,

title = {Radiofrequency ablation of lymphangiomatous macroglossia},

author = {B B Cable and E A Mair},

doi = {10.1097/00005537-200110000-00035},

issn = {0023-852X},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-10-01},

journal = {Laryngoscope},

volume = {111},

number = {10},

pages = {1859--1861},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid11177043,

title = {Radiology forum. Quiz case 1. Adult epiglottitis with epiglottic abscess},

author = {B B Cable and T Biega},

doi = {10.1001/archotol.127.2.212},

issn = {0886-4470},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-02-01},

journal = {Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg},

volume = {127},

number = {2},

pages = {212, 214--212, 215},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid11165656,

title = {Image-guided transphenoidal drainage of a cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex in a child},

author = {P G Michaelson and B B Cable and E A Mair},

doi = {10.1016/s0165-5876(00)00456-0},

issn = {0165-5876},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-02-01},

journal = {Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol},

volume = {57},

number = {2},

pages = {165--169},

abstract = {Cholesterol granulomas of the petrous apex are well-described lesions that originate from chronic obstruction of the air cells in the petrous pyramid. Intracranial surgery, associated with multiple potential complications, has been the salutary action to treat this entity with only two reports of endoscopic drainage of a cholesterol granuloma of the paranasal sinuses. We present the first pediatric patient to be treated by not only endoscopic drainage, but also by the incorporation of computer-assisted image-guided surgery to minimize risk of injury to structures adjacent to the posterior wall of the sphenoid sinus.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid10979493,

title = {The effect of corticosteroids in the treatment of experimental sinusitis},

author = {B B Cable and Z Wassmuth and E A Mann and D Hommer and G Connely and C Klem and F J Quance-Fitch and W E Bolger},

doi = {10.2500/105065800779954400},

issn = {1050-6586},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-01-01},

journal = {Am J Rhinol},

volume = {14},

number = {4},

pages = {217--222},

abstract = {Emerging evidence indicates that medically recalcitrant sinusitis may be associated with a prolonged and excessive state of inflammation rather than a simple bacterial infection. Corticosteroids have been anecdotally reported to be helpful in treating patients with sinusitis; however, there are no scientific studies documenting the safety and efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in sinusitis. To resolve the controversy over whether corticosteroids promote or inhibit the resolution of sinusitis, we present a prospective study of 80 rabbits with surgically introduced pseudomonal sinusitis that were then treated in one of four arms: control, ceftazidime, methylprednisolone, and ceftazidime with methylprednisolone. Sinus cavities were then evaluated after 5, 14, 21, and 28 days of treatment both by histologic inflammation grading and bacterial quantification. Results showed a significant decrease in bacterial loads in both the antibiotic and antibiotic with steroid arms over control animals, although no difference was seen between the two. Histologic grading showed a similar trend, although statistical significance was not obtained. Overall, this study demonstrated no clear advantage of steroids in the treatment of sinus infections using this model. At the same point, no significant reduction in the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy was seen with concurrent steroid use. A number of limitations of the animal model are noted and the need for human studies in this area is discussed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid10889005,

title = {Pathology forum: quiz case 1. Diagnosis: inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT)},

author = {B B Cable and D Leonard and C G Fielding and D H Hommer},

doi = {10.1001/archotol.126.7.900},

issn = {0886-4470},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-07-01},

journal = {Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg},

volume = {126},

number = {7},

pages = {900, 904--900, 905},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}